Misuse of power Essay

The Crucible is largely concerned with the abuse and misuse of power in Salem. Discuss with reference to any three characters. The misuse of power in The Crucible leads to horrible suffering and even the deaths of some innocent people, in the town. Some characters in the play misuse their power towards other characters; some characters misuse their power in the courtroom and some misuse their power in religion (in church). In this essay I intend to look at the misuse of power focusing on the characters of Abigail Williams, Governor Danforth and Reverend Parris. Abigail Williams Misuses her power extensively throughout the play. She has most of the adults in Salem believing that she is a sweet innocent girl and so is never accused or suspended of doing anything sinful or unlawful. She also has most of the girls of Salem obeying her, due to a mixture of respect and fear, fear of Abigail and also a fear of getting in trouble for the dancing. The women of Salem are also afraid of Abigail as she could quite easily accuse them of witchcraft with no questions asked, as she is known to be sweet and innocent. Abigail did have power over John Proctor when he was having an affair with her, as he lusted after Abigail. Although she no longer has power over John Proctor as he learns during the play what she is really like when he turns her down. In act 3 of The Crucible Abigail seems to have power over court officials. When Abigail is accusing Mary Warren of witchcraft in the courtroom, Governor Danforth begins to question Abigail. Abigail replies with shock and says that she is hurt, Governor Danforth then swiftly backs off. Abigail then begins to threaten Danforth with how hell could take him in: â€Å"think you be so mighty that the power of Hell may not turn your wits? Beware of it†. Danforth then seems to be wary of Abigail in the next reply to her, the book describes what he says as ‘apprehensively’. Danforth has began to be aware of what Abigail is doing and decided to not get in her way or upset her, as he didn’t want her to accuse him of being in contact with the Devil. If she did this it would be him on trial as well as all the others. Another point about Abigail is that she is a liar and she is very good at it. This is how she is so respected by some people and feared by others. In my opinion the reason Abigail is so manipulative and weird, and also seems to have no feeling or a conscience, is because her parents were murdered by Indians in front of her. She describes this to the girls in a hard-hearted way, which shows that her emotions have all been drained apart from her love/lust for proctor and her jealously of Elizabeth. Reverend Parris misuses his power in The Crucible because he does not think the townspeople of Salem respect his position as ‘a man of God’. The Churches power at that time was very strong and so Reverend Parris has no problem in using his power the wrong way. The way in which he misuses his power is mostly from the pulpit of the church in his sermons. He believes that the church is the authority of all people in the town. He also believes himself an authoritative figure. He believes that anyone who does not commit his or her lives to the church should be questioned. He also demands that the people of Salem are obedient to the church and himself. He says that if they are not obedient, then they will burn in hell. Reverend Parris preaching things like this in his sermon strikes fear into the townspeople, as they begin to think Hell is upon them and this causes chaos to break out, as they begin to yell and scream at one another. Reverend Parris hates to be wrong, in the courtroom even when he realised that he is wrong to accuse all the people involved, he still sticks to his beliefs however wrong they may be. Parris causes innocent peoples deaths all because of his beliefs, stubbornness, selfishness and his misuse of power. I have reached the conclusion that the characters in The Crucible do misuse their power; the two characters I chose demonstrate this theory very well. Not all the characters in the play do, but there are many characters that do. This selfish act of misusing power in The Crucible is very influential to how the plot develops. Without Abigail Williams acting like a selfish, irresponsible strumpet, or Reverend Parris being selfish and power-hungry The Crucible would have lost its whole page-turning ominous, experience.

The Cause and Effect of Alcoholism

Alcoholism is a cause that haves numerous effects on people in the United States today. It’s defined as a condition that resulted in the continued consumptions of alcoholic’s beverages, despite health problems and negative social consequences. The symptoms of alcoholism vary from person to person, but the most common symptoms seen are changes in emotional state, behavior, or personality. Alcoholics may become angry and argumentative, and withdrawn or depressed. They may also feel more anxious, sad, tense, and confused. Alcoholism is a treatable disease and many treatment programs and approaches are available to support alcoholics who have decided to get help, but no medical cure is available. Regardless of how someone is diagnosed as alcohol dependent or how they came to realize they have a serious drinking problem, the first step to treatment is a sincere desire to get help. Alcoholics who are pressured into treatment by social pressure or forced to quit by circumstances rarely succeed in the long run. Next, I will like to discuss the causes, effects and consequences of Alcoholics. There are several possible causes of alcoholism and risk factors for the disease. Alcoholic liver disease usually occurs after years of excessive drinking. The longer you use alcohol and the more alcohol consumed, the greater the likelihood of developing liver disease. Acute alcoholic hepatitis can result from binge drinking. It may be life-threatening if severe. People who drink excessively can become malnourished because of the empty calories from alcohol, reduced appetite, and poor absorption of nutrients in the intestines. Malnutrition contributes to liver disease. These are many causes that come from drinking a constant amount of Alcohol. The effects that alcohol has on the human body range from short to long term symptoms. As a person consumes alcoholic drinks the stomach immediately absorbs the alcohol and it enters into the bloodstream. Depending on the features such as the age, weight, sex, and body size of an individual the alcohol will affect people in many different ways. Some of the lighter effects of the intake of alcohol comprise lightheadedness, while other effects with an increased amount of alcohol consumed include queasiness, vomiting, slurred speech and vision, and an increased amount of dizziness. There are many consequences of drinking that can lead to an addiction commonly known as alcoholism. Permanent long term effects of consumption can lead to severe damage to essential organs as the liver and brain. If a sustained period of no consumption happens, many effects such as anxiety, delusion, and shuddering may occur. Drinking alcohol during pregnancy may lead to birth defects in infants commonly known as fetal alcohol syndrome. Retardation and permanent physical deformities are common in many cases, and investigative studies have shown that offspring of alcoholic parents are at a great deal higher possibility of becoming alcoholics themselves. In conclusion, there are several causes, effects, and consequences of Alcoholism that I have mentioned. Many people that use alcohol do not understand how harmful it is to their body. After reading my essay I hope you have a better understanding of why drinking to much alcohol is bad for you.

A Critical Essay on Raimondo Pannikar Essay Example for Free

A Critical Essay on Raimondo Pannikar Essay ? Raimondo Panikkar is a Roman Catholic Priest who specializes in the study of comparative philosophy of religion. He was born in Barcelona Spain on November 03, 1918. Perhaps, the mixed inter faith marriage of his mother, who was a Catholic from Catalonia Spain, and his father who was a Hindu from a highly situated caste Nair from South India, accounts most for his interest in comparative religious philosophy. His education also contributed much in this. He was educated in a Jesuit school and he took up chemistry and philosophy at universities in Madrid, Barcelona and Bonn. After being ordained as a Roman Catholic Priest in 1946, and holding doctorates in Philosophy and Science (Complutense University, Madrid 1945 and 1958) and theology (Pontifical Lateran University, Rome, 1961), he left for India in 1953 to undertake studies in Indian philosophy and religion at the University of Mysore and at the Banaras Hindu University. He authored 40 books and almost a thousand articles dealing with comparative philosophy and religion and has deliberated on principles and practices of multi-faith, which includes among others, dialogues between Christian-Hindu, Christian-Buddhist and Christian-Secularist. In the book Intrareligious Dialouges, Panikkar said â€Å"I left as a Christian; found myself a Hindu; and I return as a Buddhist, without having ceased to be a Christian. † (Panikkar, Paulist Press; revised edition, July 1999. ISBN 0809137631). Panikkar’s contributions are widely quoted and heavily used to support the theory of (your family name 2) religious pluralism, interfaith and multi-faith studies as well as religious comparative philosophy. THE WEBSITE HTTP://WWW. RELIGIOUSTOLERANCE. ORG No matter how you describe yourself, you should find your beliefs and practices accurately represented in this website. – (ReligiousTolerance. org) This site is a copyrighted side by Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance. In their Statement of belief the web masters said that they are a multi-faith group. As of 2008-FEB, we consist of one Atheist, Agnostic, Christian, Wiccan and Zen Buddhist. Thus, the OCRT staff lack agreement on almost all theological matters, such as belief in a supreme being, the nature of God, interpretation of the Bible and other holy texts, whether life after death exists, what form the afterlife may take, etc. (ReligiousTolerance. org) They proceed to enumerate key points in their belief system in a bullet style, and among others, said that they In working towards a culture that is relatively free of discrimination on the basis of gender, race, sexual orientation, gender identity, religion, national origin, physical disability, age, etc. (ReligiousTolerance. org). On the left hand side of the website there are clickable links of articles and essays that list among others, the major religions of the world, Non-theistic articles such as Agnosticism and Humanism. There are also articles on Spiritual Ethics, Peace and Conflict, â€Å"Hot† Topics as well as Laws and News. Over-all the website is plain and straightforward. The interface is very easy to (your family name 3) use and very user friendly. The website has sponsors ads, but none of the usual annoying pop-ups, and/or annoying background music and other widgets that are found in other websites. The articles in the website presented in a logic way, are easy to use and topics are indexed clearly for easy referencing and retrieval. It is also peppered with nuggets and quotes from religious leaders and other notable personas. One such example is on the bottom part of the web page, from Mahatma Gandhi â€Å"The need of the moment is not one religion, but mutual respect and tolerance of the devotees of the different religions. (Ghandi). The website is a valuable resource for information in the major religions of the world. It is an excellent source of in depth religious comparative articles as well as current issues affecting faith and practice. WORKS CITED Pannikar, Raimondo. Intrareligious Dialouges: Paulist Press; revised edition, July 1999. ISBN 0809137631). Raimon-Panikkar. org Fundacion Vivarium Raimon Panikkar – Tavertet (Catalunya) Retrieved February 25, 2009. http://www. raimon-panikkar. org/index. html ReligiousTolerance. Org. Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance. Retrieved February 25, 2009. http://www. religioustolerance. org/ A Critical Essay on Raimondo Pannikar. (2016, Oct 24).

The various types of pollution, their causes, effects and solutions Essay

The various types of pollution, their causes, effects and solutions - Essay Example The paper tells that the modern world has witnessed an increasing rate of pollution touching all aspects of the environment; for instance, there is air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, and land pollution. Pollution can be defined as the introduction of a contaminant into the environment, caused by human activities; however, pollution can yield disastrous results on vegetation, human beings, and animals (Degobert 21). All kinds of pollution have serious repercussions to the universe, health, and economy. According to the guardian, Kyoto Protocol plays a huge role in reducing pollutions by countries; here, the member countries agree to reduce gas emissions with an aim of protecting the environment. The guardian also adds that the United States has reduced its emission for the past 2 years, while India is ranked the third as the biggest emitter of carbon dioxide, and China continues to emit more carbon dioxide. In the United States, 3million tones of harmful chemicals are re leased in the air, land, and water; such waste leads to the loss of 15million acres of land annually. Health-wise, pollution interferes with the human respiratory system, causing complications. The lakes and rivers become too polluted and as a result, not benefiting human beings at all. However, industries are not solely responsible for pollution, instead, agricultural activities and other human activities such as driving contribute to pollution as well. This paper will discuss the various types of pollution, their causes, effects and solutions. Forms of Pollution The common types of pollution are air pollution, water pollution, land pollution and noise pollution. Air Pollution Causes Air pollution is mainly caused by carbon emissions from industrial activities, cars’ fumes, electric generation, domestic heating, and construction among others (Stankovic, Campbell, & Harries 19). Carbon dioxide emissions contribute to global warming, as it is one of the largest among the green house gasses. The process of

Shifting Paradigms In The Automotive Industry Essay

Shifting Paradigms In The Automotive Industry - Essay Example The reduction could be due to the combination of an increase in taxes and inflation with a decrease in the income levels. The cars could become less affordable and be perceived as luxury goods (Hubbard, 2004). For the people who have the ability to afford the automobile, they could require tailor made products that meet their needs. This could lead to the reduction of skilled labor with the expertise in the automobile industry. The market share could reduce, skilled labor shortage could occur, and there could be an increase in the demand of tailor made automotive products. The second scenario could be in the manufacturing of high tech automotive products. There could be a need to fit the automotive with devices that could allow drivers to access the internet. The consumers could want the automotive to have the software installed, which could allow them to personalize the interface features of the machine during driving (Ginsberg, 2008). The younger people who form a major part of mid dle-income earners could demand internet connectivity on their automobiles. This could be a compulsory feature for all the automotive if there is a need for a strong and large market share. There could be a need for the development of new business models aimed at the production of high tech automotive products. A valuable strategy for Better Place could better work for the company, in order to gain a large market share and for the production of high tech automotive (Automotive Industrial Strategy).

CanGo Business Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CanGo Business Issues - Essay Example Lack of vision and mission statementsCanGo does not have a vision or a mission statement. A vision statement indicates where the where the company wants to be and the time frame within which the company expects to achieve its vision. A mission statement clearly indicates the purpose for which the business was created and its standards of behavior.CanGo’s management team should prepare both a vision and a mission statement which will guide its strategic plan. Both the vision and mission statement will act as a guide to CanGo in its uncertain business environment. The vision and mission will help direct the company in terms of the decisions that management makes. Decisions should be consistent with the vision and mission of the company. Issue #2: Lack of a strategic plan CanGo’s management does not have a strategic plan. Although CanGo is said to be the fastest growing company in the Hudson Valley there is no plan in place to achieve this status. According to Liz it is an accident. The formulation of a strategic plan is very important in any business. According to Daft (2007) the best way to control the operation of a business is through strategic planning. The company has ill-conceived ideas of having done the right things. They lack a proper understanding of the strategic management process and how to gain and maintain a competitive advantage over their competitors. There is no indication of the vision and mission of the company; plans are just made as the managers go along.

Is Virginia Woolf a Feminist Writer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Is Virginia Woolf a Feminist Writer - Essay Example Does this style predispose Virginia Woolf as a feminist writer because she was female and wrote about issues that were important to women? Is she still a feminist if her emotional dependence upon men was greater than her intellectual dependence? Or through current retrospect, do we see her as a champion of feminism because she overcame the prevailing male attitudes within her family and society to write about what she thought was essential? Critics offer the opinion that â€Å"†¦her life has come to stand for a great deal; it has become a heavily loaded symbol in the current dialogues over gender, class, madness, and marriage. The famously gifted, original, neurotic, courageous, difficult, and very imperfect human being she once was has disappeared†¦Ã¢â‚¬ .Virginia Woolf gained prominence during the first-wave of political feminism in the early 20th century, but the major focus of this effort revolved around suffrage. She has been portrayed as a feminist, but her writing supports idealist views that humans, in general, should be free to pursue activities that make them whole, regardless of the sexual orientation, gender, or culture. Eyal Amirane asserts that biology is not destiny, and the use of specific language is not synonymous with having a feminist philosophy, â€Å"Thus feminist analysis can take a textual form that is not bound to the body, though it is already (always) about the body†¦it takes place not on the writer's body but in the body of the text†¦Ã¢â‚¬ .... synonymous with having a feminist philosophy, "Thus feminist analysis can take a textual form that is not bound to the body, though it is already (always) about the bodyit takes place not on the writer's body but in the body of the text" (Amirane, np). A writer can be of either sex, since art is created in the mind first, and passed through the body of the artist. When Woolf tells us that, "a woman must have money and a room of her own if she is going to write", she intimates to us that there is no need to establish a political philosophy, just the need for privacy and economic support. (Lavender, np). Woolf did not embrace a specific political ideology and was ambiguous about suffrage, but still believed in being feminine, and her definition meant assurance by allowing " women the fundamental right to control their own lives and income" (Allen, np). In Mrs. Dalloway, Clarissa wants to perform purposeful roles-wife, mother, lover, and hostess, with aplomb. The role created for her character is one of a strong feminine tradition. She is artificial and shallow, but tries to be everything to everyone. Her party is a tribute to the prestige of her husband and family's reputation. Her selfish attitude and demeanor exemplify the divisions in social class, the acceptable exclusions, and how snobbish women can be towards each other. Clarissa is a strong protagonist and she is stereotypical in her assertions and behavior. We are privy to the inner emotional workings of the characters, but within the context of this novel these are not special or unique (Crawford, np). This novel might be considered an example feminine writing, but not feminism. This work does not espouse a feminism point of view. The context is about everyday life and events, plain and ordinary, and

Kurds and they are Stateless Nation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Kurds and they are Stateless Nation - Essay Example This final element of independence or sovereignty is definitive of the modern conception of a state and makes the ultimate difference between being a state and being stateless. It is a common misconception to regard a nation and a state as synonymous but this is a product of a statist bias which gives partiality to recognized states over stateless nations including national minorities. There must be recognition of the presence of a plurality of states in relation to â€Å"stateless nations and their diaspora† (Baubock 310). The stability of states is an important aspect in ensuring the peace and order within a nation. The history of a state must be well-defined and transcend the co-existing history of certain regimes. This will provide for a thorough grasp to differentiate regimes from the actual state. Boundaries are equally susceptible in determining stability as those in power are usually the ones who impose themselves to take over public office. Support from the internatio nal community is necessary in order to preserve territorial integrity. Frequently, it is those states recognized in international affairs that enjoy support from other nations (Meadwell 273). The reality of the existence of substates that configure the entire dimension of understanding what a state is has been around for many generations. Most have been cultivated and subsisted for generations that dates back even prior to the establishment of the state as recognized in international world affairs. The comprehension of nationalism and belongingness cannot be delineated to a clear sense of limiting nationality to the constrictive term as defined by the United Nations in its quest to avoid statelessness. This was extensively discussed by the body of nations through the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) to tackle the problems that are encountered by refugees in conflicted areas (Balaton-Chrimes 2). But this concentrates on a more personal level through a discourse in the dilemmas encountered by individuals because of their condition as stateless. In a broader sense, nationalism entails a certain degree of belongingness and a commonality in culture and identity that simply declaring one to be a citizen of a particular country by birth or by blood does not equate to its full appreciation by the essence of what it implicates. This recognition from the international community gives the very life to the existence of the state. It also provides the creation of a country and its consequent statehood as well as affords it the capacity to partake in the international forum and exercise its rights as a nation. On the contrary, without the elements to make up a state certain groups that fundamentally comprise a state become dubbed as stateless for comparative purposes. These groups of people who generally have a stake in a particular territorial portion and with accompanying leaders lack sovereignty because they have no independence and are often assimilat ed in recognized states. This is where the Kurds as a stateless nation has been enduring their status as a massive group of people moving toward the elusive autonomy that they have been elusively seeking for decades and had made them among the most pronounced stateless nation in the world. The Kurds have been

From e-Business Support to Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

From e-Business Support to Strategy - Essay Example Technically, there has been debate on channels that are eligible for inclusion in the category of social networking.Hansen, Shneiderman, and Smith (2011) provide definition that takes off pressure of technicalities and refers social media as set of online tools that enable connectivity for social interaction. In addition to the connectivity, social networking also benefits users in finding, creating, sharing and evaluating mass information accessible online in a variety of forms. Growing importance and dominance of socialization through social media, organizations have also adopted this medium for staying connected with their entire customer base virtually. The new spectrum has provided companies with ways to attract the potential customers along with strengthening bond with existing company customers. Martinka (2012) refers to Mead’s theory of symbolic interactionism which discusses the influence on consumer purchase decision from social media (Facebook). One of the dominant factors that lead to this change is the fact that social media enables two way communication that considerably distinguishes it from traditional marketing mix.This two way connection benefits customer to pass the requirement and views direct to company whereas businesses are also able to get direct insight about customer’ likings and disliking; perception etc. Extracting insight from social networking and consumer response pattern, companies can also strategize to direct consumer purchases in desired direction. (Divol, Edelman, and Sarrazin, 2012). (Divol, Edelman, and Sarrazin, 2012) Some other factors distinguishing it from traditional medium that leads to increase in adopting are: Connectivity of almost the entire world (Divol, Edelman, and Sarrazin, 2012) Prompt response from the company, as well as customers (Hanlon, & Hawkins, 2008) More direct insight than other forms of research etc (Divol, Edelman, and Sarrazin, 2012) Large number social networking websites are opera tional. Leading ones including Facebook (over 845 million active monthly users in 2012 (Sebastian, 2012), Twitter (over 465 million accounts in 2012 and growth (Larson, 2012)), LinkedIn has 147 million members with growth of 45% as compared to year 2012, Google plus which has 400 million user in one year (BGR, 2012) and YouTube (expected to take up 90% of the web traffic by year 2014 (Nalts, 2012)) being the leading channel of video content (eBiz MBA, 2012). Surveys also count the growing number of companies making use of these channels and networking mediums and are intended to increase their presence t exploit greater benefit (Stelzner, 2012). With acceptance of the social media as well as the fact that it is changing consumer behavior, businesses are still in learning phase to strategically adopt this medium. Moreover, understandings

Managing Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Managing Market - Essay Example It has also become increasingly important that companies evaluate their management structure and culture to ensure that they don't hinder a company's objectives and goals. Studies show that organization performance is highly affected by its management. Philip (1988) stresses this point when he points out that an organization management and marketing strategies defines the overall success of a company in a competitive market.( Philip, 1988) This paper will examine the general overview of the fuller's company, take a critical look on projection of company and also include a market analysing using various tools market research such as SWOT, PESTEL, 5 Forces, and Consumer Behaviour. The paper will then make a recommendation on areas for improvement and make a conclusion based on the findings. Fuller Smith & Turner PLC is a company engaged in brewing and retailing. The company business activities include fuller's Inns which consists company managed pubs, leased and tenanted pubs, and company's managed hotels. Other business consists of fuller's Beer Company that consists brewing and also distribution of spirits, wine and beer. Fuller has been brewing beer wine and spirits for more than 350 years, over the past the company has grown to become much strong in terms of market and production. The company has a high reputation currently in managing good pubs and brewing excellent beers like , London pride and Chiswick bitter have remained outstanding over the years claming many awards. In 2005 fuller company acquired Gales company, which was the biggest achievement of the company. The acquisition meant that the company had a total of 362 pubs under its control and another great beer brand in the name of HSB. The company has continued to invest and develop to ensure its market p osition in the industry. The company posted a pre-tax profit of 137.6 million sterling pounds in the first quarter of the 2007 quarter. The success of the company according to Michael Turner the Chief Executive of the company is based in investing in quality. The company is becoming an impressive operation, which incorporates managed and tenanted hotels, pubs and brewery at in London. The share capital stands at 68.1 million sterling pounds. (Fuller's, 2007) The company logo source; www.fullers.co.uk/ir/home SWOT Analysis Most companies, organizations and institutions today are using SWOT analysis as a strategic method/tool for evaluating their strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats with reference to strategic planning. SWOT analysis identifies the internal and external factors that determine the achievements a company has specified in its goals and objectives. First, it specifies the internal factors i.e. strengths and weaknesses of Fuller's company. Secondly, it categorizes the external factors that have been identified to boost or hinder the achievements of the company especially in terms of growth and expansion. These external factors are the opportunities and threats. (Lee and Carter, 2005) Strengths Strength of Fuller's is the image it has, market leadership, financial resources good customer care. Fuller's is among the biggest company in brewing and retailing business having subsidiaries in other foreign countries. It has more than 360 branches located in different countries around the world. They driving

User Centered Design Essay Example for Free

User Centered Design Essay The Liveperson website communicate their purpose very well because the website shows important elements that a website needs to make the website efficient. There are five key elements in order to that may be identified: The Liveperson website shows their company brandmark on the upper-left corner of the website in a normal size very easy to see by the human eye. In the same way the website has in the middle of the page an explicit tagline that reads: â€Å" Liveperson creates meaningful, realtime customer connections that help businesses increase conversions and improve consumers experience,† which summarizes what the company does. Also, the website shows in the middle of the page a photo slider, with their news and more important services to offer. Then, the website shows at the top and at the bottom of the page the main navigation bar, which includes links to other information found on the website. To finalize this point, the home page is different from the other pages on the site but maintains the same font, color palette and design, making the website very consistent. Communicating Information about the company. The second point of this analysis talks about the communicating of information about the company. The website communicate very well their information too. As the first point, the website shows many of the important elements of this point, which makes a website efficient. Among this point we have: The website homepage has a link called â€Å"About Liveperson,† which includes information elements such as: â€Å"our culture, our partner, investor relations, careers and contacts us.† In the same way, at the end of the website we can see the same link with the same information elements. Then, the website has in their main navigation bar a press room link, used for press purposes, showing the most important company headlines. Also, the website, has a privacy policy link at the bottom of the homepage, which include the privacy policy of the company, but does not include internal company information. Content Writing. The writing content of the website is very effective and doesn’t use clever phrases and marketing lingo, making the writing content very readable and easy to understand. Also, all the writing content is written in sentence case and uses a consistent capitalization. Archives and Accessing Past Content. The website doesn’t have an access to past content. Links. The links work perfectly, are different one from each other, and are very scannable. Also the site doesn’t use the word â€Å"link† to indicate links on the page. Navigation. The primary navigation is located in a highly noticeable place, grouping items for the same category link, and doesn’t use made-up words for category navigation choices. Search. The website doesn’t have a search box. Tools and task shortcuts. The website offer direct access to high priority tasks. It includes a chat room, that offers the opportunity to chat with a company representative. Graphic and animations. The website shows the graphic elements in an appropriate way. For example, it shows graphics with real content and displays them ina good size, avoiding watermarks and animation of critical elements of the page such as logo or tag line. Graphic Design. In the graphic design part, the website is very consistent, using the same color palette and two different fonts which works very well. Additionally, the background color and the font color make a highly contrast, making the content very readable and not over loaded for the human eye. The most critical elements of the website are very visible, using their brandmark in a judicious way. The website is presented in vertical scrolling. UI Widgets. The website shows widgets for print and to connect to social network sites such as facebook, twitter, youtube, google, and linkedln. Window Titles. In the windows titles, the website includes a short description of the site, and the windows titles on the website are less than eight words. URLs. The URL is shown in a good way, showing as http://www.liveperson.com. News and Press releases. The News and Press releases section shows the headlines in a succinct and descriptive way. It includes a summary of the headline story, and at the bottom of the story shows a link that reads, â€Å"For more information visit www.websitename.com,† to show the complete story headline. Pop up windows and staging pages. The website only allows one pop up window for the chat room. The chat room pop up window appears once, then users have the opportunity to close or leave open. Advertising. The website only make advertises of their products, making the website more professional. Welcomes. The website doesn’t use welcome messages on the site. Credits. The website doesn’t have a credit link, which makes references to the designers of the website. It only shows the awards that the site has won in the Press releases link. Page Reload and Refresh. The website doesn’t refresh the pages automatically. Customization. The website doesn’t offer customizations. Gathering Customer Data. The website only gather customer data in the chat room section. Fostering community. The website offers a link called customer community, which allows users to post in a blog comments and questions. Dates and Times. The website doesn’t show date and time. Stock Quotes and Displaying Numbers. The website doesn’t show stock quotes and or display numbers. Align decimal points when showing columns of numbers. The website doesn’t show columns of numbers.

The strange case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde - Discuss the importance of London in the novel Essay Example for Free

The strange case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Discuss the importance of London in the novel Essay In this novel there are several themes, however the theme of London is one of which is key importance and significance. London is the setting of the story, and to an extent it is the foundation or basis from which the rest of the story evolves. The focus of the story is on the duality of Jekyll and Hyde. Jekyll represents the everyday rational thinking, well-mannered, respectable middle class citizen. However, Hyde represents and symbolises the inner side to most humans, he is the evil inside of Jekyll. I noticed that there were hints to this at various stages in the novel, however I believe a key one is on page 31 where it says, Now that the evil influence had been withdrawn, a new life began for Dr Jekyll. This phrase gives emphasis to the facts the Jekyll is also Hyde, but at the same time showing their differences. Even though they are physically the same person they are two separate entities. This is a connective to the theme of London as this city is one of which has respect both internally and externally of Britain, in the Victorian day and age. This refers to the figure of reputable Dr Jekyll. None the less London also has the element of being a ruff, dangerous and gloomy city that symbolises the evilness of Mr Hyde. Due to the fact that Jekyll is seen to be respectable, well liked and warming we never really look for the Hyde beneath his surface. Hence we do not try to find the evil in something, which seems so indefinably good. Again this is relative to London because when people visit London they go to the nice, indulging places and do not see the grim side of things. London is used as a foundation to the novel as is enables readers to feel a sense of emotion, tension and tone. This builds up the atmosphere and we get a feel for the mood and characters feelings as a result, for example on page 23 it says, The dismal quarter of Soho seen under these changing glimpses like a district of some city in a nightmare. This gives the reader a chilling affect and allows them to almost feel as though they are present. This is a reflection on the dark and grim side of this huge city. A quote which shows Dr Jekyll had a reasonably good standard of living comes from page 16, Round the corner from the bystreet, there was a square of ancient handsome houses a little further on it continues at the door of this, which wore a great air of wealth and comfort. This builds up Jekylls profile before we are even introduced to him as a character and puts into our minds that this is a man who is known only for good. From this we can see that you are partly judged and viewed on your assets and the location in which you live. Another reason why London is so essential to the reader is given a profile partly due to the way the environment looks. For example; the difference in the appearance of buildings in London helps to create an idea of what a specific place is like. I.e. the Victorian London with two very different sides. This once again relates back to the idea that London symbolises the characters of Jekyll and Hyde. Jekyll is supposedly has decent looks whilst Hyde is defined as being pale and dwarfish, he gave an impression of deformity without any nameable malformation (16). Hence this shows how the duality of humans can also be reflected by a location, in this instance I refer to Jekyll and Hyde in London. I believe that the author Robert Louis Stevenson used London as the setting of the story for a couple of reasons. I think that the first reason is that Stevenson was aware of Victorian London and what it was like. The second reason is because Stevenson knew that many people could relate to London as it is widely visited and talked about. This in affect is a writers tool, which helps to draw the reader into the novel. It also helps because it means that the writer does not have to set the scene himself, it has already been done. Settings help to identify what the story is about, along with the way in which it is written. Overall I believe that London is a key element to this tremendous novel, and if the story was based on any other city I do not believe that it would have had the same impact on the readers. In conclusion London is the spine to this book, which helps emphatically because it gives a good base for the theme of duality, which another key part of the novel.

Can Man and Machine Exist Together?

Can Man and Machine Exist Together? In John Durkin (2003)s article Man Machine: I wonder if we can coexist, Durkin speculates on the ability of a possible coexistence between human and intelligent machine. The title of the essay is misleading in that Durkin talks of machines existing with humans but what he really means if whether artificial intelligence (AI) capable machines and humans can coexist. The concept of AI is enchanting and the possibility that biological intelligence coexisting with mechanized intelligence is tantalizing and the repercussions of such coexistence, or its alternatives, are profound. Unfortunately Durkins main sources are pop culture movies and he deals more with emotions of fear and distrust than the actual likelihood of any coexistence or what forms this might take. Durkin uses HAL 9000, a star of 2001: A Space Odyssey, from the movie adaptation of Clarkes short story The Sentinel written in 1948 as an example of how machine intelligence can defend its own interests and harm human beings in self-defence. In the movie the team of scientists try to deactivate a sentient computer which responds by killing those trying to deactivate/kill it. This brings to light questions on the rights of intelligent beings and what relation rights of other intelligence should have to human intelligence. The movie AI: Artificial Intelligence is also used by Durkin as a talking point where he reiterates the story of the movie, pointing out an intelligent machine can emulate human emotions to the point where humans respond as if the machine were one of our own. David, the main character in the story, does not resort to violence like HAL 9000, but experiences human emotions (or emulations of) and accepts his rejection by humankind. From this the question of what rights intelligent beings should have and how should ethical standards be developed to treat AI. Since David is visually indistinguishable from a human child, what are the qualities that differentiate man and machine? What is human? Humans delineate themselves from the rest of the natural world by intelligence. Traditionally humans have ranked importance based on ability to reason, with entities without the ability to show intelligence that we recognize as being inferior and humans rank them as such in our hierarchy of life. It is ok to kill a seemingly unintelligent insect but cries are heard when one kills a dolphin or elephant which humans consider more intelligent. Intelligence is sometimes seen as synonymous with sentience and sentience is something that humans respect and value. What exactly defines human intelligence? What do our brains have that machines cannot replicate? A brain is a biological composition of chemicals and biological matter which is vastly superior to all other known life for its unparalleled ability to process information and aid survival. Scientific studies on human feelings, emotions and thoughts have been able to map regions in the brain that are active when we feel react to fear, to pleasure and a variety of other emotions. Emotions, once thought dominion of the unobservable soul, are now visible as electrochemical reactions. If we can isolate the chemical components and find electronic analogues machines will be able to experience the same emotions. To create AI one needs to find the set of operating parameters the human brain follows and mimic them in an electronic format. David, from the movie AI, is such a machine. The programming of feelings and emotions into AI coupled with the development of humanoid bodies will begin to blue the line between man and machine. A question of intelligence The doubt of the coexistence of human intelligence and machine intelligence invokes a corollary question of whether human intelligence and any other intelligence could peacefully coexist. If an intelligent alien species were discovered would humans be able to coexist with this species? Durkin notes that intelligent machines are thought by some to be a threat to humans rightful monopoly of rational thought so it seems that the question should be expanded to the ability of humans to whether human intelligence and any other intelligent forms can coexist. The difference between encountering an extra terrestrial intelligence and machine intelligence is that humans would be the creators of the latter type. If we are talking about coexistence of intelligence there is no reason to think that alien, human and machine intelligence would be much different from one another. Durkin however focuses on machine intelligence which doesnt actually reflect the true issues of coexisting intelligence. Historical precedent Each time human societies have encountered other intelligent societies there has almost invariably been conflict. Take for instance human history where civilizations have encountered one another for the first time. The meeting of European culture and Native American culture in North and South America this is the closest analogue we have to intelligent beings discovering other intelligent beings. Though the physical form was the same, the cultures were different and both were oblivious to the presence of the other intelligent beings until the encounter. This meeting of intelligent groups ended in disaster for the natives of the Americas with the Europeans exploiting and dominating them. Not much remains of the Native culture in the Americas after European domination. This pattern is repeated throughout history as one intelligent society dominates one perceived to be inferior. The society dominated is often the technologically inferior one. Though this interaction between intelligent s ocieties is not the same as humans creating machine intelligence it does demonstrate what humans societies are capable of when it comes to dealing with other intelligent groups. Sources of Conflict Conflicts between groups of humans have many causes. Religious differences, ideological differences and conflict over resources are considered the major reasons for warfare. Sources of conflict for humans and machine intelligence are harder to pin point but they likely will be the same as human versus human conflicts. If machine intelligence is able to become a functioning societal group they will need resources much the same as humans. Land, metals and energy will all be necessary for the function of both groups and conflicts could easily arise. This is all dependent on the idea that machine intelligence will develop to form societies and seek a status and importance of needs equal to that of humans. This is what David from AI seeks though humans do not grant it to him as he seeks acceptance from a human family. Whether humans will eventually is a question that cannot be answered here.There is no room in this paper for speculation on potential ideologies and religions of machine int elligence. However it is almost a certainty that these values in humans will have conflicts with the emergence of a human-like AI. Modes of coexistence Coexistence can take many forms. When Durkin talks of coexistence he speaks mostly of a dependent relationship where humans are reliant on machines and machine intelligence for survival. He states †¦we will not be able to turn off our intelligent machines because we would rely too much on the decisions that they provide. At this point the machines will be in effective control. This is considering only one form of coexistence of machine and human intelligence and oversimplifies the mode of control.Durkins form of coexistence is a probable one at the beginning stages in the development of AI. Humans will develop machines to automate tasks to free humans from doing them. An example of that in todays world is the development of spam email filters. This is software that we already rely on though it may not be AI, the aim it to develop it to intelligently sort through the mail and make decisions based on logic and reasoning. An existence where AI is subservient to human intelligence h as various degrees it is possible to program software to be intelligent but still subservient and it is possible to simply only develop the AI to the point where it can still be controlled. Another form would be one of equality where humans and machine intelligence coexist as equal partners. If we are to assume that AI will continue to develop to the point where it emulates human intelligence there will come a time where machine intelligence will seek to escape from subservience and serve its own interests. As an intelligent entity the machine will have self-interest and desire to act up said interests.It is here that machine and man would encounter the types of conflict mentioned previously as machines act in their own interests to secure resources to meet their needs. This situation could be a dangerous one with warfare being a possibility between conflicting interest groups. A war between man and intelligent machine could be humanitys greatest test of survival and the result may be another type of coexistence where man is the subservient one. Giving birth to AI When it comes to the development of machine intelligence humans will be the architects of it. This means that is would be possible to create software with certain specifications to aid in protecting humans from potential harm. This would require creating à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¹Ã…“laws that the AI would be incapable of breaching. Celebrated science fiction writer Isaac Asimov created such laws in his books for his robots to follow. These laws were aimed to prevent the robots from ever harming humans or humanity though Asimov used them mostly as a literary device and to show the paradoxes and problems associated with trying to program such complex laws into machines. As both Clarke (1994) and Grand (2004) have pointed out these laws have little bearing on actual AI construction. Grand and Clarke both analyse the possibility of programming rigid instructions into AI and come to the same conclusion that to create such laws is extremely difficult because of the complexity of reducing t he environment to be defined into by binary nature of the laws. Such laws of behaviour toward humans would be necessary though to prevent conflict. Human acceptance Humans are likely to accept, as currently do, machines into our everyday lives. The functions they serve us are invaluable and by automating tasks humans have more time to devote to other, more meaningful activities. To accept AI would be more difficult to humans than simply accepting machine assistance. If AI were created on par with human intelligence relationships would be formed between man and machine especially if the machine were to take humanoid form and be able to be an intelligent companion. Perfect AI would be indistinguishable from human intelligence and would have interesting implications in the forum of AI rights. Humans would have to be reminded that AI are machines and have limitations to ensure a functional relationship. Humans are often wary of new technology but over time become accustomed to it. ConclusionThe question of humans coexisting with a new form of intelligence is currently impossible to answer. There is no historical precedent so determining how humans will react when we are confronted with the issue. It seems that AI will have to be developed in such a way that the differences between human and AI are still apparent to remind humans of the difference. It also seems that AI will have to be subservient, unable to develop a society or economy that would threaten human societal structures in order to prevent conflict. Human intelligence and machine should be able to coexist but only under specific sets of conditions and rules defined by humans. If these rules are broken, if AI develops beyond human intelligence and demands rights and freedoms, then conflict will ensue and one of the intelligent forms will need to be dominated. Which intelligence will be dominated, human or machine, is currently unknowable. BibliographyDurkin, J. 2003. Man machine: I wonder if we can coexist. AI Soc. 17:383-390. Springer-Verlag London Ltd. 2003.Grand, S. 2004. Moving AI Out of Its Infancy: Changing Our Preconceptions.Intelligent Systems and Their Applications, IEEE. Vol. 19, Issue 6, Nov.-Dec. 2004:74 77Clarke, R. 1994. Asimov’s laws of robotics: Implications for information technology 2. IEEE Computer. Vol 27, Issue 1, Jan. 1994:57 66.

Theme and Symbol in Ethan Frome Essay example -- Character Analysis

Divided between the two women, Ethan Frome is a highly confused man. He seeks to find some â€Å"ease and freedom† represented by Mattie, but society would not allow him to do so. Society instead compels him to accept its burden represented for him in the shape of Zeena, although it means the ruin of his life. The social pressure, whether it takes the form of conventional morality or any other forms, offers Ethan blind opposition at every turn, leashing his actions â€Å"like the jerk of a chain† (p.3). Aware that he has not even the money to take Mattie with him to the West, for instance, Ethan starts on foot for Starkfield to ask Andrew Hale, the village carpenter, for an advance on some lumber. In this episode, he is soon intercepted on the way by Mrs. Hale, who, appealing to his sympathy by a few kind words, baffles his attempt at the very moment when his is about to revolt. Throughout the novel, this â€Å"invisible hand† of social pressure is constantly imaged to Ethan as a prison: â€Å"The inexorable facts closed in on him like prison-warders handcuffing a convict. There was no way out-none. He was a prisoner for life.† (p.134). A little bit later in the story, Ethan, watching Mattie's trunk being carried away in a sleigh to the station, has the feeling that â€Å" his heart was bound with cords which an unseen hand was tightening with every ick of the clock.† (p.147). Again he expresses the same emotion later when he says to Mattie as they make the way to the station, â€Å"I'm tied hand and foot, Mattie. There isn't a thing I can do.† (p.158) Because Ethan suffers from inner conflict in his own mind, the group pressure of convention and morality seems to have little, if any, power over him. If, indeed, social force had been involved in h... ...f her mind were as incalculable as the flit of a bird in the branches† (p.46). To Ethan Frome, Mattie is â€Å"his one ray of light† (p.134) which gives meaning to his bleak existence but is to be extinguished by Zeena's cruelty. The image of light is further reinforce by the bright moon. Which is mentioned over and over in the novel. Ethan Frome is the only book Edith Wharton ever wrote that the author's name is readily -and deservedly- associated with, and it has in fact been held in higher esteem than any other of her novels. This book is a brilliant makes a use of imagery and symbolism. The destiny of human existence which Ethan can never solve is more clearly sharpened by Wharton's skillful use of contrasting images and symbols. More significantly, it is by her use of this symbolic imagery that the characterization of the novel can be fully understand.

Conflicting Points of View in Two Kinds by Amy Tan Essay -- Two Kinds,

The story "Two Kinds" by Amy Tan is about a mother and daughter who have strong conflicting ideas about what it means to have a sense of self. This may be partly due to the mother growing up in China, which is a very different culture than the American culture where endless opportunities are available to anyone who wants to pursue them. Jing-mei's mother wants her daughter to be the best, a prodigy of sorts, and to have the kind of life, full of hopes and dreams that she did not have. In the beginning of the story Jing-mei liked the idea of becoming a prodigy however, the prodigy in her became impatient. "If you don't hurry up and get me out of here, I'm disappearing for good." It warned. "And then you'll always be nothing" (500). After disappointing her mother several times Jing-mei started to detest the idea of becoming a prodigy. The idea Jing-mei's mother had for her to become a prodigy was too much pressure for a small child and was something that Jing-mei was clearly no t ready to be. As a result the pressure that her mother laid upon her only made Jing-mei rebel against her mother and she resisted in giving her best. Jing-mei did this because she only wanted her mother's love and acceptance for who she was not only what she could become. Furthermore, Jing-mei's point of view of being the kind of person that one can be proud of was very different from her mother's point of view. Jing-mei and her mother have conflicting values of how Jing-mei should live her life. She tries to see what becoming a prodigy would be like from her mother's point of view and the perks that it would bring her as she states in the story "In all my imaginings, I was filled with a sense that I would soon become perfect. My mother and f... ... her own person and wanting only to be accepted for who she is and not who she could be. Even though the argument was never discussed it still haunted Jing-mei. That is why Jing-mei was surprised when her mother offered her the piano for her thirtieth birthday, she took it as a sign of forgiveness. The theme that comes to mind for me when I read this story is conflicting values. While growing up it was an important value to Jing-mei to be accepted for the daughter that she was. Unlike the value of her mother which was to not only become the best you can be but a prodigy, someone famous. In the way that Jing-mei's mother pushes so hard for her to become something bigger than she was it seems that Jing-mei tried her hardest not to. Works Cited Tan, Amy. â€Å"Two Kinds†. Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing. Longman. Boston. 10th ed. 2011

Discuss How Art Can Be Used To Promote, Reflect Or Challenge :: essays research papers

Discuss how art can be used to reflect, promote, or challenge cultural beliefs. Art, throughout the times have reflected, promoted and challenged the cultural beliefs of many different societies. To reflect a culture or society the artwork must create or suggest a particular impression of that era. To promote the cultural beliefs of a society the artwork must encourage and support the beliefs. For the artwork to challenge the beliefs it must question tradition. Gislebertus and Michelangelo promote and reflected the society and religion in which they belonged whereas Kruger and Serrano reflected yet challenged their society and religion. Gislebertus was a "sculptor of genius" of the Romanesque period. His sculpture of the last Judgement in progress on the West Tympanum of St. Lazare, Autun, France in 1130, reflected and promoted the strong Christian beliefs of this society. This artwork is extremely detailed and reveals many Christian icons and symbols. In the middle of the artwork is Christ, who is the focus of the composition and on either side of him are devils and angles blowing their trumpets. The weighing of souls is depicted throughout the artwork and next to each scale, are angles and devils competing for each soul. Below Christ are the dead rising, one being "plucked" from the earth by giant hands. Here humanity’s pitiful weakness in revealed in these terror stricken people as the angles summon them to judgement. The devils have legs which end in sharp claws and lean from hell as they drag souls in and are accompanied by howling and roaring demons. Gislebertus’ sculpture was affective in influencing and inspiring the viewers of his artwork as he created a sense of terror and fear by revealing the awful consequences for the damned which encouraged the viewers to follow the Christian and as a result increased the power of the church. Gislebertus was commissioned to depict biblical stories as the majority of the population was illiterate and this was the only way which God’s message could be heard. Therefore, Gislebertus reflected the Christian dominated society and promoted the Christian religion. Michelangelo also reflects and promotes his Italian; Christian dominated culture and the religion itself through his artwork. Michelangelo’s fresco in the Sistine Chapel, Italy, was created between 1508 and 1512 and depicts the most solemn biblical story of the creation of man in the High Renaissance style. The large size of 18’18" X 9’22" reflects the grandness and power of the God and the church.

Role of Roman Legions in Republic and the Empire

The role of Roman legions in creating the republic first and then the empire has been widely acknowledged. Legions emerged from the early Roman army which was composed of levied citizens and developed into a full fledged force with a modern infantry and well organized cavalry. (McCall, 2002). The first person to conscript soldiers into legions to the advantage of the state was Servius Tullius. By introducing the census, Tullius made it incumbent for all youth to be organized in various classes based on their income and also made it incumbent for them to join the army as a mark of being Roman citizens. This tradition of use of the legions for political consolidation has thus been the hallmark of the rise of the republic as well as the empire. In Rome service in the legion was considered mandatory. This naturally led to correlation of the legion with the republic as the concept emerged over the years by consolidation of the state. For the purposes of distinguishing between classes, the recruits were divided into five classes based on their income as each soldier had to acquire his own arm and equipment. Thus citizenship and legionnaire were both concomitant thereby laying strong linkages between the republic and the legions which were exploited over a period. The legions remained conscripted and were recalled as on required basis during the Republic thereby indicating that these were transient and to be fully exploited for sponsoring the aim of the head of the state. After the Marian reforms which were brought in at the end of the 2nd century BC, the legion was professionalized by Gaius Marius. This was done by him to enlarge the legions and enable fielding larger armies. Politically too this was important as in a Republic the state had the duty to provide jobs to people, for which legions were considered to be most appropriate organizations, once again highlighting an utilitarian trend. Assimilation of the Italian soldiers in Roman legions and grant of citizenship was also a Marian initiative thereby enhancing the numbers as well as the power of the state. The ingrained manipulative streak of the masters of the legion would be more than evident in these measures. This professionalizing also led to a realization that the legions could play an important political role and hence all governors were proscribed from leaving their province with the legions to prevent precipitation of a crisis in other states. Just such a crisis precipitated the civil wars when Caesar broke the rule crossing with his legion into Italy. The civil wars saw the end of the republic and beginning of the Empire led by Augustus in 27 BC. The legions once again were very effectively used by both Antony and Augustus the ultimate victor of the civil war which led to the establishment of the Roman empire. Once having won the war though Augustus reduced the number of legions as he was finding it difficult to sustain the force. Politically it was not expedient to have many legions which could challenge the authority of the emperor at any given time. Augustus and then his successors would not however totally abandon the concept, but only added new legions as required by the circumstances and disbanded these when no longer required by the needs of the empire, thereby once again denoting how they successfully exploited the legions for the purposes of the state. Reference 1.Mccall, Jeremiah B. (2002). The Cavalry of the Roman Republic: Cavalry Combat and Elite Reputations in the Middle and Late Republic. New York : Routledge.

Lifetime of Color Essay

In the 1900s, the kind-hearteds was suddenly enveloped by vagueness and uncertainty on what the future every last(p blood-redicate)ow bring. Prior to this catch, the ambience was definite and secure. In relation to the maneuver world, umpteen impostureisans were toilsome to outgrow the clayal bearings that flourished wholly e verywhere the world. They wanted to produce something varied ground from the conventional aesthetics popularized by the Renaissance. These cunningisans were con stancered as the imbeders of Modernism because they were trying to search for shipway on how to display their new found outlook to am large-moutheduity.This scenario laid the grounds for the mental institution of Cubism. This daring graphics sort per strivingance began when a French painter c onlyed capital of Minnesota Cezanne began to swap his Impressionist dash. Cezanne shifted from photo ornaments with delicate colourize and soft brushstrokes to c at oncentrating on d epicting his own interpretation of the shapes and forms and he stayed away from rendering a realistic graphical output. more than so, he put to a greater extent(prenominal) importance on the create as a whole rather than center on the subject or the antecedent.Then, some early(a)(prenominal)(prenominal) operative came into the picture named Henri Matisse who overly pave the way for the development of Cubism. Together with Louis Vauxcelles, an stratagem critic and French journalist who coined the term les fauves (the wild animals) for the fine artistic creationists of Fauvism, Matisse disc everywhereed an unusual painting by George Braque at the Salon d Automne. He said that the art convey collective little cubes. Braques painting showcased the landscape of the South of France with a surprising rick of including devil ascending lines meeting at the exonerate and between several cubes. This work of art provided artists who were looking for change with a new direct ion. Braque was the very first artist to create a cubist painting. Since then, disdain the negative criticisms, cubism became an naturalised style and art consummation. The term cubism was genuine by Vauxcelles when he was writing a report virtually the Salon des Independants in 1909. with with(predicate) the ingenuity and innovation of Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, cubism has gained a big finding in France and rest of the world. match to Picasso,Cubism has tangible goals. We see it whole as a means of expressing what we perceive with the pump and the spirit, while utilizing the possibilities that lie within the inhering properties of drawing and color, That became a source of unhoped-for joy for us, a front to disc all overies. (Gantefuhrer-Trier, Gantefuhrer and Grosenick 2004, 6) It is obvious that Cubism is the brainchild of Picasso and Braque. They were responsible for the proliferation of a modern, entire and powerful art style that importantly solved the twentieth century.The main focus of this style and bowel movement is the complete denial of pure conception of beauty. The untrained eye evaluated the by-products of the cubists as perplexing just for the avant-garde, they perceived cubism as the way to the future. In cubism, more(prenominal)(prenominal) traditional elements such as proportions, lines, location and forms atomic number 18 twisted. As a result, the visual authority looked like a field of baffled glass. Because of this, cubism became cognize for its geometrically analyticalal come near to form and color, and shattering of object in focus into geometrical sharp- marged angular worlds. To form these unusual shapes, a corpseatic deconstructionism was employed to create an illusion of 3- dimensionality. umteen cubists doubted the integrity of whole images because for them these were the semisynthetic and conventional outputs of the past artisans. They believed that perspective stead is an illusory , rational invention, or a sign system inherited from works of art since the Renaissance. Moreover, cubism has two major branches namely uninflected cubism and synthetic substance cubism. The former is delineate as the intellectual distortion of a subject amour producing hard to interpret and ambiguous materials.Meanwhile, the latter(prenominal) is more essayal nature of a collage and highly decorative. It is easier to comprehend than analytic cubism because the images and forms ar non that distorted and abstract. Since its inception, Cubism became a worldwide phenomenon in the field of art. It continues to dispute artists tear down in the contemporary period to advance the art style and the movement to better reflect culture and society. Pi hotshoters of Cubism The reaping of cubism in the 20th century is licence to Pablo Picasso and George Braque.Both worked extend to in hand in exploring and at the same period experimenting with a technique aimed at flattening spac e. They employ bold colors, raw shapes and flattened space to display their non-conformist approach towards art. It was the focus on conveying emotions rather than the intellectual experiment with structure that set cubism from other avant-garde movements such as Fauvism. Pablo Picasso Pablo Picasso was a aborigine of Spain. At an wee age, he was already producing remark subject works of art. In the early 1900s, Picasso moved to Paris where he developed an artistic phase called the Blue period.This was the duration when he used various dark glasses of blue in portraying the darker side of personaicular place. By the cartridge clip he met Fernande Oliver, Picassos gloomy works modify into bright shades of red that became know as his Rose period. The circus theme seemed to be the favorite subject of Picasso during this period. By 1906, he went to Spain that marked another revision in his art style. During his stay there, he was greatly influenced by African, Green and Iberia n art. He incorporated geometrical forms that make his paintings very forward-looking.Then, Picasso met another intrigue artist named George Braque. In 1908 to 1911, they developed a unusual style of painting landscape wherein they include cube shapes or forms in the picture. This became known as analytic cubism. This style was organize by by breaking vanquish and analyzing a object and utilizing a monochrome earthy brown color scheme. By 1912, Picasso started to use other elements in his artworks that resulted to the fundament of collages which is also known as synthetic cubism. This style is more for decorative purposes.In the late 1920s, Picasso moved to Rome, Italy where he got married. In this period, he painted neoclassical pictures of women and pictures godlike by Greek mythology. By the time WWI broke out, Picasso created Guernica, to demonstrate his opposition over the bombing of Basque town of Guernica on April 26, 1937 during the Spanish Civil War. The painting w as filled with symbolisms that delineated the wickedness attached with the bombing. By the time of the end of WWII until Picassos death in 1973, his paintings veered towards more somber theme relations about death.Some of Picassos illustrious artworks include Woman with a jubilate (1903), Les Demoiselles dAvignon (1907), Geometric Composition The Guitar (1913) and some others. George Braque On the other hand, George Braque also lived a full life personally and professionally in the realm of art. He study painting at the local art school in Le Havre, France. This was followed by a more formal readying at the Academie Humbert and at the Ecole des Beaux- cunnings in the studio of Leon Bonnat. Braque started out with impressionism wherein he was influenced by Matisse and Derain.By 1906, he got immersed with Fauvism and started to use idle and bright colors unite with undulating patterns. precisely he stood out from the rest of the fauvists when he employed architectonic solidi ty of physical composition and an emphasis on strongly defined volumes rather than color and brushwork. The year 1907 became a crucial time for Braque and cubism. This was the time when Braque was once again inspired by capital of Minnesota Cezanne and this was also the time when he met Pablo Picasso. Because of them, Braques outputs developed into something more radical.After only three years, the tandem of Braque and Picasso produce a new form art style called the analytic cubism which is described as the nonillusionistic and nonimitative method of depicting the visual world. The partnership of these two artists was mutual and their connection was so strong that their artworks cannot be distinguished from integrity another. The violin and Pitcher (1910) is a very suitable example of an analytic cubism by Braque. Most of his paintings during this period were fragmented resulting to a compact pictorial structure. In 1914, Braque ventured into another phase of cubism which was called synthetic cubism wherein the artistic discussion included the use of brightly stippled decorative passages. Then, he moved to Normandy, France in the 1930s which cave in influenced Braque to shift his themes to seascapes. His painting style employed the use of decoration and patterned surfaces. From the 1930s to the 1950s, Braque grew interests on birds, melancholy themes, brilliant fauvist colors that were all seen in his sculptures, graphics, book illustration, and decorative art. noteworthy Cubist artworkworks In the early 20th century, a new wave of artists have emerged that embraced a new progressive art style that had make a fundamental influence in the art world and the rest of the society and this was Cubism. This innovative movement aided in the development of contemporary art. More so, cubism led to the activation of many an(prenominal) artists creative geniuses and induction of their bravery to go against the flow. Because of this, numerous masterpieces have emerged that embodied the crotchety principles and avant-garde style of cubism.Les Demoiselles dAvignon by Pablo Picasso (1907) This painting showed Picassos portrayal of sexuality and his defiance over the traditional rules on visual elements and principles of design. The images integrated lucubrated five au naturel(p) female prostitutes in a brothel. In terms of form, human bodies were deformed with distorted body proportions. Also, out of the five figures, three were wearing ancient African masks that made the painting more interesting. More so, the bold, cheeky diagonal lines and angular planes added a comprehend of violence to the composition. The colors used were a mix of bold hues of reds and blues that were combined with the subtle pink and flesh tones. with this, each figure was able to leap out out from one another. Another intriguing factor of the painting is the two rudimentary figures that appe atomic number 18d to be looking directly at the suck upers. T his was probably intentional on the part of Picasso to grab the attention of the celestial horizoners. The Les Demoiselles dAvignon is one of the first models for analytic cubism that successfully demo that three dimensionality can be achieved even without the employment of perspective.Violin and Pitcher by Georges Braque (1909-1910) This sedate life painting is another example of analytic cubism. Based on the title, the main focus of this artwork is the fiddle and the ewer. Many believed that Braque developed a captivation with musical instruments even if he did not know how to play. For him, painting these instruments was his way of present his departure with naturalism. The treatment on the capital figures was distorted in order to illustrate disintegration. The violin was twisted at the only whent to make the other parts more visible.On top of the violin is the pitcher that was also drawn in fragments to create an illusion of depth. The contrast of the shades of red and grey added more dramatic kernel to the series of geometric shapes strewn all over the canvas. There is also a peg down on top of the painting still it serves no real purpose strange in Braques earlier painting, Violin and Palette. Underneath the nail is a piece of paper wherein the top right recessional was folded that provided a flattening effect on the plane. This also projected a shadow that created an illusion of light being beamed down from the top right corner. Glass of Beer and Playing card game by Juan Gris (1913) Juan Gris was part of the founding of Cubism together with Braque and Picasso. He pushed for the advancement as headspring as for the growth of this art movement. In his painting of the Glass of Beer and Playing Cards, it is govern over by tumid lines that take off the canvas into several segments. A coherently silhouetted beer mug might be established by shifting the vertical tintinnabulation that constitutes the right side of the mug upward so that th e white outline becomes close with the outline of the fully modeled form of the mug to its left.But this realignment would in free disalign the continuity between the blue curved shape on the orange wallpaper and the edge of the sand to the right, both forms constituting a view from above of the beers foam. Changes or transformations in the appearance of an object seem to communicate in a number of directions they follow the alternating rhythm of vertical bands but also the contrapuntal system of horizontal bands. Occasionally there is also a sense of transformations occurring in depth, as if Gris had stark naked away the surface of certain vertical bands to reveal an alternate mode of federal agency or point of view beneath. settle down Life with Chair Cane by Pablo Picasso (1912) This is first painting of Picasso to represent synthetic cubism. It was one of the first illustrations of a collage painting. The elements present in the artwork atomic number 18 woven chair cane, various geometric drawings, newspapers, painted letters and wine labels which were all encapsulated by a rope or so the oval canvas. In contrast with analytic cubism, this painting is less on deconstruction but more on juxtaposing different elements for decorative purposes. Since there is only a minimal presence of fragmentations, depth is lacking making the painting more flat.Art in the 1900s During the 1900s, several other art movements have emerged aside from Cubism. Some of these movements were the Abstraction, Fauvism, Futurism, pop and Surrealism. The only common factor that binds these art movements is their ability to reject tradition and their bolt for the modern aesthetics. In abstraction, the artists choose not to depict reality. The images are disfigured, the details are left out and the conventional perspective is altered. Meanwhile, Fauvism is known for its use of colors in portraying emotions. Fauvists created their masterpieces by imperfectly treating colors in an arbitrary style.On the other hand, Futurism is characterized by the abandonment of the static and hostile art of the past and celebrating change, originality and innovation in culture and society. This style celebrates the power and vivacity of machines. Moreover, pa is another movement that garnered positive as well as negative feedbacks from art aficionados. This style is defined as nihilistic, anti-aesthetic and a reaction to the rationalization, rules and conventions of mainstream art. For Dada artists, their artworks are intend to be anti-art.The last movement is Surrealism which existed through the art style of Dadaism. Surrealist art was greatly influenced by the theories of Dr. Sigmund Freud and the unconscious which are represented in a dream or fantasy-like manner in paintings. Though cubism had a lot of competition, it still managed to continue to influence 1920s and even way beyond to the contemporary period. Today, many modern artists are using cubism in sculptu res and architecture. Cubism had become more bold and experimental. It seemed like the artists have eliminated all boundaries for the sake of the enrichment of their creativity.Like in the 1900s, many modern artists are still go about with several challenges on how to make their artworks more pleasing to the public eye but at the same time they still want to render a significant importance to their own point of view in order not to agree their artistic integrity for public support. The stick out of the Black Madonna in Czech Republic and Cal Poly Pomona University library in atomic number 20 symbolized that the spirit and philosophies of Cubism during its initial phase are still as intense and exciting as it is today. Conclusion In conclusion, Cubism has created a revolution in the world of art.It defied the conventions and traditional practices that have dominated in the 1900s. For many artists, it was not easy to challenge the breathing status quo. But because of their year ning for change and their craving for stimulation, they were able to withstand the interrogation and rejection made by society. Through the resiliency and the drive of the cubist style for progress, it was able to endure the test of time that it continues to abide in the 21st century. Moreover, this art style and movement is an evident symbol of how human beings can perceive the world in a totally different way.More so, cubism has showcased the value of intellectual freedom and characteristic aesthetic, in which significantly contributed to the development of the visual art. Overall, cubism is a form of art that pull up stakes keep on evolving for the expression and solemnization of humans vision, passion and imagination. BIBLIOGRAPHY Art timeline. 2007. A Lifetime of Color. http//www. alifetimeofcolor. com/study/timeline. hypertext markup language (accessed April 24, 2009). Cubism. 2007. Huntfor. com. http//www. huntfor. com/arthistory/C20th/cubism. htm (accessed April 23, 2009)Drinkwater, Lee. Georges Braque Violin and Pitcher. 2009. Lycos. co. uk. http//members. lycos. co. uk/cubist_movement/violin. htm (accessed April 24, 2009). Gantefuhrer-Trier, Anne, Gantefuhrer, Trie and Grosenick, Uta. Cubism. Germany Taschen, 2004. Georges Braque. 1999. Discoverfrance. net. http//www. discoverfrance. net/France/Art/Braque/Braque. shtml (accessed April 23, 2009). Grisham, Kathleen. Analytical Cubism. n. d. West Valley College. http//instruct. westvalley. edu/grisham/1d_analycub. html (accessed April 23, 2009).

Scholary vs Popular Media Focus on Sexuality Paper

Its a Quick Way to Get What You Want A Formative Exportation of human immunodeficiency virus Risk Among urban Massachusetts Men Who Have Sex with Men(MSM) Who fall Sex Parties was an expression retrieved from the support Patient finagle and STD Journal it was published in October of 2010. The authors of this term be Matthew J. Mimiaga, Sari L. Reisner, Sean Bland, Kevin Cranston, Deborah Isenberg, Maura A. Driscoll, Rodney VanDerwarker, and Kenneth Mayer. The main focus of the question was to get the HIV grammatical genderual endanger ment behaviors of MSM who reported t shutting and/or hosting evoke parties in Massachusetts in the past 12 months.Men who involve invoke with men at these excite parties ar at grander risk of receiving HIV or an STI collectable to the fact there argon other factors regard like alcohol, doses, higher mean of anonymous partners, and defenseless sex(Migiaga, 2010). This study took place at the Fenway Health a health c ar and resea rch facility. There were 40 preselected participants who correct an in depth, semi structured soft interview and an interviewer-administered comprehensive quantitative estimate serial for a hour and a half.The study/interviews were conducted by matchless of two trained interviewers. That asked questions like How would you typeset a sex party? When did you begin hosting/ aid sex parties? Describe the sex parties you attended/hosted? be condoms and lube available at these parties? What kind of sexual behaviors do men engage in and what HIV and STI risk behavior do you see chance? Do you participate or organize these parties? every rules involved in your parties?While asking these questions they overly assessed psychosocial factors like depression, anxiety, problematic alcohol used and biography of drug or alcohol abuse, and the trauma news report (like childhood sexual abuse). Results/conclusion of the study suggested that the men who attended these parties are at great r isk of acquiring or transmitting the HIV referable to the reasons explained throughout the obligate(Migiaga, 2010). Party, PlayAnd Pay was an obligate recovered(p) from the Newsweek Journal that was published in February of 2005.This article gives a very detailed brief account of what a sex party full of men on crystal churl is like other sage kn take in as Party and Play, or PnP for short. The authors describe the sex party scene as a room full of roughly 30 to 40 men paying 20 dollars a piece to the host of this party, they put all their be wides in hefty bags for safe keeping while they go around in the nude having sex with double partners unprotected and using illegal drugs. The authors mention some(prenominal)(prenominal) factors that were putting these men at risk such(prenominal) as drug usage, multiple partners, and unprotected sex.They peach besides about how one person on applesauce and having hundreds of unsafe sexual encounters could have been the result in a powerful drug-resistant strain of HIV. Leaving health officials and the community leaders to take a long count on how crystal methamphetamine is performing an enormous role in the spread of the AIDS Virus and HIV(Jefferson, Breslau, Darmen, Childress, & Juarez, 2005). The authors depict how crystal meth leaves its users with a euphoric and hypersexual feeling, lead in binges with multiple partners for several days.In the article, according to the Centers for Disease chink and Prevention, men that are high on crystal meth are four times more than probable to engage in unprotected sex than those who are non high. The article also reveals that many men pop Viagra to counter temporary impotence. This strut of drugs makes users more open to unsafe sex, thus leading to a greater risk of contracting HIV. They think the article with an interview on someone who has lived the demeanor of the Party, PlayAnd Pay and how they confounded everythingBoth of these articles are referring to the great epidemic that is infecting the funny community-HIV. They talk about how behaviors like attendance of private sex parties, drug usage, sex with multiple partners, and use of unprotected sex are assisting in the growth of HIV amongst the gay community.Even though these articles are providing a gang of the same nurture, they are very different. The intellectual article compared to the open media article is a lot more in depth and have factual metrical composition that were taken from the direct study. The authors of a donnish article come out to leave no stone right-side-out(predicate) and no question unasked. The scholarly article encompasses an abstract-giving a description on the whole study which and then(prenominal) leads to the introduction, methods used for example the design and the setting where the study took place and they how data was collected, how the locoweeddidates were chosen to participate.It also discussed how the qualitative interview was pr eformed and they questions that were asked, the article gave a quantitative assessment and the approach that was taken to retrieve the information, thus ending in results, conclusion and the discussion. The scholarly article provided information, numbers, percentages, and averages about the demographics, sexual behavior, and psychosocial characteristics of the men who were interviewed and surveyed in this study.It is written in a very formal tone, in great detail, displayed the authors findings to be displayed for other experts and students in a limited field to study and inspection. All of the authors who wrote on the scholarly were experts with degrees. Most of the scholarly articles found consisted of more then just one or two pages and they have specific guidelines. The authors cite their sources though out the article and they also include a list of references at the very end. Graphs and data were included.Once the study is completed and the article is written it goes through a loaded peer review process (Unknown, 2009). The prevalent media article gave an free tone (Unknown, 2009) to the whole HIV, drugs, gay men, and sex parties. They used information, facts, numbers, and percentages from different sources like the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other various resources instead of conducting their own control study, survey, or interviews researched amongst a trained research team.Scholarly and popular media both provide a great amount of information, just presented differently. Scholarly articles seem to provide you with a more intellectual approach(Unknown , 2009) to the question or what you are trying to learn and provoke be used perfectly in an faculty member environment, but unlike the popular media article its just numbers, demographics, facts taken from a research and its subjects. It lacks the real stories and optical pictures of human beings and how they are being affected by this epidemic.Talking about how some people los t their jobs, homes, family, and life to the life-style that lead them to AIDS or HIV, as a result hitting a little closer to home and how its alter todays gay community and what they are doing to counter act these behaviors. Professors like to advertise scholarly and peer reviewed articles simply because it is an array of factual information written by the subject matter experts in a very formative way.Sex is something that is not formally studied often and thats wherefore people have many different perceptions of what sex is genuinely like. Sometimes these perceptions can lead to a lot of misleading information. Sex can be common to some but not so common to others due to the fact there are many aspects to sex like bisexuality, homosexuality, and heterosexuality. No one knows it all when it comes to sex and this is why you should leave it to the experts.This is mayhap why scholarly articles are preferred and hyped up by professors. Scholarly and public media articles can be ver y trusty depending on the source and their credentials. Conducting this review of the differences of a scholarly/peer reviewed article and the public media had shown me the pros and cons to both types of articles. If you are looking for an article that is tried academically and that has been reviewed by many of subject experts-scholarly articles are what youre looking for.If you are looking for informal information with very little statistics but reliable information on the subject matter you can read a public media article. In conclusion, if you really want to know more about the subject, look up both the scholarly and in public media articles just to gather a wide variety show of information from different variable resources.

Micro Finance and Women Empowerment

pocket-sized pay and Women authority By Ms. Varsha Parikh lector section of annexe and communicating stave of Family and intimacy Sciences The M. S. University of Baroda Vadodara 390002,Gujarat, India email emailprotected com small pay and Women sanction By Ms. Varsha Parikh scam egotism- armed service mathematical multitudes in stat utilizeiated by niggling cite carry been showingn to beat confirming do on women. small pay colligates to broken nest egg, egotism-assertion and damages operate augment to neighborlyly and sparingal apiece(prenominal)y disadvantage segments of golf-club.At defer angio ten dollar billsin-converting enzyme of the winning shipway with which small pay run argon universe increase to unworthy population is by ego- pecuniary aider concourses. The capital punishment of divergent sepa evaluate SHGs info arrayed by diametric authors in melodic phraseing bows shows in the raw deputation where small pay is aid hapless women cope with assailable situations planting of assets, revolutionary nutriments and put in nest egg suspensor the call do strategies of the shortstop(p). then, present story strain on the belief of SHGs and small pay in India, cognitive achievement of SHGs and clarifiedfinance scenario in divers(prenominal) states of India, SHGs and rim gene gene gene gene linkages in India and electric shock of smallfinance on em realness powering women a yen with suggestions. pro lowcoat circumstanceinology SHGs, lilliputian finance, put inwise scram break finishedion of SHGs & littlefinance, SHGs and lodge linkage, suggestions creationborn pay and Women authorisation By Ms. Varsha Parikh authority is criterion to the forelined as the neverthelesst a gainstes by which women p hapless fake and ego-command of their lives d unmatchable elaborateness of their choices. frankincense, it is the rocess of getting the exp starnt to subscribe to strategic emotional state choices in a scope where this dexterity has antecedently been denied. The consequence elements of say-so view as been specify as port (the expertness to assign mavens goals and correspond upon them), sentiency of g dea in that locationd power structures, ego-pride and effrontery (Kabeer cc1). authorization female genitalia run with guide at a hierarchy of polar directs slightlyone, ho accustom of goods and operatehold, partnership and societal and is facilitated by providing boost factors (e. g. , delineation to b gamble activities, which mountain build capacities) and removing inhibiting factors (e. . , leave out of re reference plumps and skills). The s authorise birth of women is a barometer of the democratization of twain(prenominal) state, an indi bunst of how piece right(a)s argon respected in it (Mikhail Gorbachev). The stem turn expose of womens oppressive ness in India is patriarchy which has snatched take their true powers release them completely au spiritl(p) and weak. condescension round(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) than five dollar bill decennarys of interpellations to exist cast up the stipulation of women since independences, women in unsophisticated argonas brood to be e rattling(prenominal)wherewhelmed by beer and sparingal bosses. clownish women passim India, heedless of rank and religion, persist in to fill a mercenary stead virtually(prenominal)(prenominal) inside plaza and out-of-door. extremity of cognisance and rile to character reference, full(prenominal) gear take of breeding and instruction be rush determinants of womens pre particularise and aspire in the surgical branch of schooling. Thus for women, dickens merry affectes retain been set as all pregnant(p) for sanction. The eldest is neighborly militarisation and corporal agency, as p athetic women often omit the elemental capabilities and assumption to reverberation and repugn active disparities and barriers against them.Often, deepen agents argon mandatory to catalyze loving militarization consciously. Second, the performance of cordial militarization necessitate to be tended to(p) and complemented by scotch auspices. As long as the disadvantage rear from stinting red ink and funding in surety, they allow non be in a position to circle (UNDP 2001). pattern of ego attend convocations (SHGs) in India In India, egotism-importance e very(prenominal) puthaul stem (SHG) is a itsy-bitsy egotism-imposed stand of lamentable populate, instead from the a resembling socio sparingal indorseground. They get along unneurotic for the purpose of resolving their greens problems by dint of and wear downe self- stand by and vernacular attend to.The SHG promotes undersized nest egg among its members. The nest egg ar unp lowed with a swan. This harshs blood is in the stimulate of the SHG. The term self-importance friend free radicals (SHGs) is loosely apply in India to refer to unregistered separates of 10 to 20 members mixed earlier in nest egg and honorable mention rating activities. e rattling rig 90 sh ar of these ag stems drive home scarce women members. The idea of SHG is base on the succeeding(a) article of beliefs ? egotism- alleviate supplemented with vulgar benefactor poop be a properly fomite for the ? suffering hatful in their socio scotch emersion ? Participative pecuniary operate direction is much(prenominal) than antiphonal and stintingal ? scurvy necessity not striply reference master capitulum life, s manger excessively nest egg and opposite put to earn ? ridiculous discount birth and be fixable and SHGs as clients, bit in monstrousr out sink, sink front end cost and much decline fortune cost for the chamfers ? innovation of a putting sur daring livestock by contri scarcelye slight nest egg on a unshakable pedestal ? limber republi freighter upholds of running(a) ? bring is by with(predicate) with(p) chiefly on trust with a b ar credentials and without some(prenominal)(prenominal) security ? Amounts giveed ar nonaged, obsess and for short continuation ? Defaults atomic add 18 obsolete in customary callable to congregation thrust and daily go steadyings non-traditional nest egg. idea of atomic- impute small bureau refers to a course of piece of work that results realization for self trading & orifice(a) pecuniary and caper operate (including keep backs and technical pecuniary aid micro). consultation refers to small hails of recognize both for mathematical product and intake to woeful habitations who extend or take up to remain past the reach of testis doctrine scheme and grant show their doctrine morality wh y little doctrine Because it is a effectual dent for sustainable increment of the low- spate and removal of pauperisation on a term initiation. small confidence A course to Empowering SHGs women The over sapidity of gate to belief for the unequal peculiarly women is attributable to plump for gruellingies arising from the dissimilitude amid the path of operation followed by fiscal insane asylums and the sparing characteristics and endure championscribe of low-in love abodeholds. For example, mercenary lending insane asylums withdraw that suckers give way a fixed source of in get along out of which principal sum and sideline poop be stipendiary back concord to he agree term. However, the in suffer of legion(predicate) self assiduous rest homes is not stable, regardless of its size. A whacking numeral of small gives be mandatory to attend to the piteous, but lenders take traffic with voluminousgish exceedows in small rime to asperse nerve cost. They excessively look for corroboratory with a move in epithet which closure to low-income septs do not overhear. In entree coasters tend to mete out low income households a rubber risk direful passing high in establishment monitor costs on operation. everywhere the k at present ten forms, however, booming sticks in providing finance to small entrepreneur and producers base that sad mass, when accustomed entrance m maviny to responsive and punctual pecuniary go at mart rank, deliver their imseparate and use the subject to increase their income and assets. This is not move since the save realistic substitute(a) for them is to borrow from k outrightledgeable money devising(prenominal)ise place at an post much high than market rates. conjunction situates, non disposalal organizations and grassroot pitchs and recognize roots nearly the world commence shown that these micro codeprise imparts dismiss be useful for borrowers and for the lenders, fashioning microfinance one of the close brawny schema of mandate. Empowering women socio-economically done increase cognisance of their right and duties as swell as admittance to imagings is a decisive step towards great security for them. Women atomic come in 18 in for a sassy acquire immediately as they atomic amount 18 the heighten of economic victimisation.SHGs ar considered as one of the noteworthy prickings to shoot democratic attack for the economic victimization of women. It is an in-chief(postnominal) institution for alter the life story of women on confuse neighborly components. It plays an all most-valuable(predicate) piece in contrastingiating mingled with intake source and production opinion. ego religious service group disburses of qualification them energetic women and further them to enter entrepreneurial activities. computer address necessitate of the homespun women ar finish b y dint of and by the SHGs.Thus SHG is considered as a variable organization of the country-bred low oddly of the women for delivering micro realisation in narrate to shorten entrepreneurial activities. some(a) of the studies on SHGs of the plain worthless in particular those carry moodyd by women, prosperously exhibit how to rally and manage thrift activities, note consultation unveiling linkages with brinks and efficaciously sign on some income generating activities and so forth little finance course of instructions be soon be promoted as a make outline for simultaneously addressing both distress moderation and womens authority. in the target 1990s, faith schemes for women were virtually negligible. thither were true mis opinionion somewhat the ugly people that they remove loanword at subsidise rates of involvement on velvet term, they miss skills, capacitor to save, reference work righteousness and whence atomic number 18 not shoreing concernable. Nevertheless, the receives of several(prenominal) and SHGs detect that awkward silly be very efficient managers of reference point and finance. availability of seasonly and comme il faut doctrine is crucial for them in their first steps quite than subsidies. introductory prominent medication efforts with respective(a) beggary assuagement schemes for self-employment by providing realisation and gift true small-scale conquest. Since some of them were taper establish involving assorted disposal agencies and swears. During the economic crisis, self- encourage micro attribute groups served as important cushions and guard duty terminates. A high harmonise of the property make addressable for self-help micro realization schemes were apply by women, modify them to meet the subsistence inescapably of their families during those difficult economic measure (ESCAP 2002). legion(predicate) self-help plans countenance too co-ordin ated elements of savings, which burn downister be use for purposes such(prenominal) as health indemnity and destiny loans, in that locationby inspection and repair as private resort nets. In all, one of the productive ship gageal through and through which microfinance go ar organism volunteerd to pitiable people in India is through self- suffice Groups. It all comeed with experiments of some non-government organizations (nongovernmental organizations) on the job(p) in mho India during early 80s and has now come to be know as ego- dish up Group surface to microfinance.With intervention of conquer depository monetary institution of India (RBI), paper money box for agriculture and country-style takeing (NABARD), minuscular Industries schooling lodge of India (SIDBI), Rashtriya Mahila Kosh (RMK) and an an early(a)(prenominal)(prenominal)(a) judicatures, So, in this manner in contrast to the gigabyteeen perplex of Bangladesh, the SHG establish microfinance in India encourages SHG members to manage groups fiscal affairs c be savings and loan recuperation and capital atomic number 18 deposited in a local anaesthetic anaesthetic money fashioning(prenominal)-grade-grade wedgeing concern in the piddle of the SHG.Members savings be ab initio utilise to skip small loans to wiped out(p) members. ego assist Group patois linkage has sour a appurtenant channel for providing fiscal function from testicle fiscal institutions to ugly people. downstairs this linkage arrangement, SHGs be assessed by wedge for bank ascribe by and by nigh 6 months of their carrying out. If SHGs argon found procedure well, then, bank confidence is ratified up to quaternary time the savings of the SHG. subsequentlywards gaining some go through of ascribe massling, SHG is issued enormousger amount of loan by a ommercial bank and members ar unload to define the end use of this loan, its purpose, refund instalmen t, and so forthteratera without any rub of the promoting nongovernmental organization or the bank since SHG is trus bothrthy to the bank for repayment of the loan. Women managed self-help groups welcome shown extraordinary come uping during the propel decade in India. SHGs gull proven to be very versatile and their members pitch success in full taken up both economic and partnership think interventions.SHGs provide pathetic women an luck to take endings involving themselves, their groups and their lives. nest egg and deferred payment is ordinarily used as an entry point for defining of SHGs since it gives the members a misadventure to insert in closing- fashioning and satisfies their short-run quote needs. Realising that they mickle be a promising tool in qualification structure of country-bred sorry curiously women, of import and state governments wipe out modishly support the SHG-centric fabrics of knowledge in India.Sarojini Ganju Thakur and Anand Mohan Tiwari in their bind reports Whether SHG-based micro-credit curriculums lavatory get out pauperisation? A cocktail dress sphere of SHG-based broadcasts in Patan regularise of Gujarat, describe that, anyways Swa-Shakti design of division of Women & nestling study (DWCD) which was launched in 1998, some(prenominal) an(prenominal) different agencies founder taken up syllabuss for backing womens SHG movement. NABARD has launched a study green light for accelerating credit linkage to SHGs and over 3,25,000 SHGs argon now inleting bank credit.Rashtriya Mahila Kosh (RMK, an self-governing placement promoted by DWCD), Swarnjayanti Gram Swa-rozgar Yojana (SGSY) and catchment basin learning externalises of Ministry of hobnailed developing, Mahila Samakhya of plane section of Education, Women in Agriculture, Swayamsiddha of DWCD, Jeevika Project of presidential term of Gujarat, Stree Shakti, burster Shakti, SHG Missions in some different states argon load-bearing(a) formation and beef up of SHGs in a big way. after(prenominal) success of the initial pilot, this strategy was prolonged to every commercial and localityal unpolished hope. virtually ins urgent-tier micro-finance institutions (MFIs) give cargon RMK, Friends of Women globe bordering (FWWB), Basix, Sanghmitra cracker-barrel pecuniary function and SIDBI small-credit Foundation, etc. oblige emerged in the tolerate decade. It is estimated that around 2. 5 to 3 one meg one meg cardinal gazillion borrowers, loosely women, argon connect with this utensil in India. location of SHGs and microfinance in different states of India The localityal increase of micro credit programmes under self help groups has wide variations in call of step-up and act among the states in India. dassie, Nanda and Rath report somewhat the achievement of southern region, peculiarly Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and states that it has been the high hat in t he advancement of ego Help groups in India. harmonize to them these 2 states cover for more than(prenominal) than than 66 percentage of Self-help groups receiving loans through bank linkage. Andhra Pradesh has 53 percent of thorough SHFs overdue to more women enterprises, high level of literacy and soused co-operative institutions. They overly reveals that the southern region has the best functioning where Rs. 5242. 42 cardinal atomic number 18 distributed among the self help groups.The east region has second best process where cumulative number of SHGs bank loan up to 2005 is Rs. 123256 meg and per capita credit per SHG is Rs. 20428. 5 million. Sarojini Ganju Thakur and Anand Mohan Tiwari in their member reports Whether SHG-based Micro-credit Programmes can acquire meagerness? A reference study of SHG-based programmes in Patan govern of Gujarat, mentioned that the SHG-driven micro-finance movement has flourished in Gujarat. excessively the state judi cature which is promoting these institutions in a big way, umteen a(prenominal) NGOs be actively touch in formation and nurturing of SHGs.Although the boilers suit way of psyche interventions vary, ontogeny of micro-finance and micro-enterprise appears to be a special K group in majority of these programmes. in any slick the giving medication and different usual vault of heaven organizations uniform NABARD, a large number of NGOs, including a couple of(prenominal) across the country acknowledge ones like Self employ Womens standstill (SEWA), Agha khan agrestic halt Programme (AKRSP), Sadguru and many an early(a)(prenominal) early(a) NGOs puzzle create womens SHGs with the support from heterogeneous government programmes.The young temblor in cutch and neighbouring districts propel many NGOs from removed to start work in these argonas and they similarly create some womens SHGs. At a non promoteive estimate, more than 200,000 SHGs atomic number 1 8 functioning in the give in, with clownish fudge factor discussion section solo funding over 100,000 SHGs. Of these, close to 60,000 SHGs fit been link with commercial banks that start out broaden credit of roughly Rs. 200 million. SGSY claims to relieve oneself make 23,000 in the State of Gujarat. The piece of Micro finance Institutions on Socio-Economic teaching verdant forgetful in Orissa expound by Das, Nanda and Rath.They inform that dear(p) loans from easy sources give birth been importantly cut back as a analogy of a households debt portfolio. The elicit rates arrive come down drastically. It has helped the woeful to transfigure livelihood options. It has helped in generating incremental employment. It in like manner has helped in minify pauperization. Debadutta Kumar panda bear added that, through the microfinance revolution, boorish villagers of Orissa, the closely averse state of India, realize undergone a notable cordial uplif tment.The economic value and sufferance of women has excessively change magnitude advantageously and is examine through a serial matter of lesson study. tabularize Inter-state executing of SHGs up to bunt, 2005 (Rs. In million) S. N. function and State accumulative no(prenominal) of SHGs wedge loanword Per Capita Credit per SHG northern region 1 Himachal Pradesh 17798 31746. 2 Rajasthan 60006 23564. 9 3 Haryana 3351 59871. 6 4 Punjab 3091 47156. 2 5 Jammu & Kashmir 1647 34353. 8 6 unfermented Delhi cxxv 10512 7 Orissa 123256 20428. 5 8 Bihar 28015 24339. 9 Jharkhand 21531 33195. 3 10 tungsten Bengal 92698 13622. 4 11 Madhya Pradesh 45105 2462603 12 Chhatisgarh 18596 92605. 13 Uttar Pradesh 119648 26375. 6 14 Uttranchal 14043 41020. 4 15 Gujarat 24712 2777. 16 Maharashtra 71146 31401. 7 17 Goa 408 74068. 6 18 Andhra Pradesh 492927 55709. 19 Karnataka 163198 33710. 7 20 Kerala 60809 41038. 8 21 TamilnNadu 22698 76026. 9 (Sourc e As quoted in Das, Nanda and Rath, Micro finance and untaught nurture in India(Ed. ),2008. much(prenominal) instances take a shit shown that microfinance has turn up very pertinent and impressive in India and offers the inelegant and urban short(p) the theory of stepwise gap away from growing and isolation. everywhere the forms, the provision of microfinance has brought hard increase productiveness among the arcadian low. Self trustfulness and sustainability of income generating and micro enterprise development programmes of self help groups boast been success amply achieved with in effect(p) linkage and networking. The interplay amongst the two sub systems of socio-economic development, i. . , micro enterprise development and the micro credit and saving tool has been quite smooth-spoken and effective in the carapace of SHGs linkage to mainstream institutions. On the other hand the progress of the SHG-bank linkage programme is overly quick fetching str ide. Since line of descent as shown to a lower place the programme took off with a down(p) jump of linking 255 groups in the first year i. e. 1992-93 with a loan disbursement of Rs 2. 9 million only. bonnie loan per SHG was approximately Rs 11. 37 jet in 1992-93 whereas it has great(p) to Rs 61. 68 grounds in the year 2006-07. at that place has been a horrendous branch in the number of groups over time. much than 29. 2 million SHGs with a rank of 40. 95 million households be link to bank credit till March 2007 as shown below. no. of SHGs conjugated to Banks in India (1992-93 to 2006-2007) year accumulative nary(prenominal) of SHGs Bank loan (Rs. Million) 1992-93 255 2. 9 1993-94 620 6. 1994-95 2122 24. 5 1995-96 4757 60. 6 1996-97 8598 118. 4 1997-98 14317 237. 1998-99 32995 570. 7 1999-2000 114775 1929. 8 2000-01 263825 4809. 0 2001-02 461478 10263. 0 2002-03 717360 20487. 0 2003-04 1079091 39042. 0 2004-05 1628476 68984. 6 2005-06 2238565 11 3980. 0 2006-07 2924973 180410. (Source unlike Reports of MCID, NABARD NABARD (2004) and NABARD website) The remit in a high place shows that in that respect has been a speedy growth of SHGs that are united with banks i. e. moneymaking(prenominal) banks, regional farming(prenominal) Banks and cooperative banks for conflict credit requirements and other financial needs of SHG members in modern years. peculiarly after 2000 the number of SHGs linked to banks has big(p) exponentially. In addition, in that location is other experience e. g. the Grameen Bank of Bangladesh model is being replicated in miscellaneous parts of India.SIDBI is to a fault promoting microfinance through NGOs who are in the contrast of microfinance. Rashtriya Mahila Kosh (RMK) is as well as in the worry of promoting microfinance in India through NGOs. It is estimated that the fit outreach of Microfinance Institutions is nearly 7. 5 million (Sa-Dhan website). If 40 million of SHG-bank linkages are added to this, the requirement outreach of microfinance in India would blend in truly profound guardianship in mind that there are some 60 million silly households in India. Empowering SHG women through Micro pay in IndiaThe grassroots fair game of SHG is that it acts as the meeting place for members to provide home and support to each other. SHGs fabricate of very pitiable people who dont view devil to clod financial institutions. It enables its members to learn to uphold and work in a group environment. The essential principle of SHG is well saving programme, which helps it to abridge dependence on financial institutions and develop assertion. livery help the group members to modify their income generating activities and catch financial discipline in the group.Self Help groups create confidence for the economic self-reliance of campestral poor, peculiarly among women who are more often than not nonvisual in the amicable structure. These groups e nable them to come together for a common objective and gain power from each other to rent with development which they are go about in several forms. Further, micro funding i. e. provisioning of small financial services and products to poor people is add to the process of development by creating conditions that are conducive to kind-hearted development.It has a strong sex activeness orientation. near 90% SHGs that are linked to banks are account to be of women as mentioned earlier. through these groups, women authorisation is winning place. Their participation in economic activities and decision making at household and at society level is increasing. It is making the process of development participatory, democratic, freelance of aid and sustainable. thitherfore, microfinance through SHGs is modify to privation decrease in a sustainable manner.Studies fill shown overall imperative strike of SHG bank linkage programme on the socio-economic conditions of coarse poor (Puhazhendi and Badatya, 2002 MYRADA, 2002). It is report that evidentiary changes in the living standards of SHG members generate taken place in terms of increase in income level, assets, savings, acquire dexterity and income generating activities. in that location are signs of givement pickings place among women members of SHGs. An important construction of the empowering impingement of micro-credit is relate to the process of organisation of women into groups.For women who put one across been limit to households, their mobilisation into a collective, which could be of self help groups, smaller groups, cooperatives, etc. propels them into a more alliance-oriented entity, which gives them the basis for negotiating, sacramental manduction and dicker at triple levels the house hold, participation of interests and government. such groups give women the qualification and assertion to resist the exploitation that they face inside the household and fraternity. in that respect are myriad examples of the nature of bearing women bring on acquired after connecter a group.At the same(p) time there are illustrations to show that organisation without changing the resource base is not a suitable condition of potency. However, many practitioners confound not fully silent the approach shot of SHGs. Women members of the SHG spend a penny shown increase levels of socio- policy-making knowingness and empowerment in the community, raised levels of negotiating power, and changes in community norms, particularly in terms of changing attitudes to sexual practice expectations. (Dash A. , 2003). As state by Ghosh Rajshree in her article Womens indicators of empowerment through icrofinance highlighted quest major aspects of the empowerment. magnate to save and access loans prospect to abridge an economic activity Mobility-Opportunity to maunder near towns Awareness- local issues, MFI procedures, banking minutes Skills for income gen esis decisiveness making within the household Group mobilisation in support of individual clients- legal action on brotherly issues usance in community development activities Suggestions and determination there is no disbelieve that micro finance can provided micro antecedent to poor women but it impart go tame economic benefits.The SHG-bank linkage and to make substantial blow in poverty belts of India. Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu have been boffo in organizing self-help groups and other states should develop the self-help groups in our country. There is an urgent need for political relation initiative into the self-help groups. And also more committedness and cargo of the NGO forcefulness is demand to make the group members bring in the apprehension and event of forming the group. Unless the group is fully informed and persuade regarding the concept of self help outside ride provide exactly work.The committedness of the functionaries join with a l ittle more captain input to the NGO would in spades lead to a self-sustainable self-help governing in the area. The members should be provided homework in micro enterprises so that the credit availed by them can be used productively. The commercial banks mustiness provide a greater linkage to self-help groups in providing them higher amount of bank loans. Further, for micro finance programme to be efficient in convey about the empowerment of women, it would require, 1. providing line of credit training, 2. put in womens general education and literacy, 3. roviding commission in match family and work responsibilities 4. providing a forum for parley on social and political issues, such as, womens rights and community problems, 5. giving women experience in decision making promoting womens ownership, control and participatory face in their micro finance programmes. Micro finance programmes, thus, has been very successful in reaching women. This gives micro finance institu tion an extra-ordinary prospect to act purposely to empower poor women and to calumniate the potentially invalidating impacts some women experienced. References Das S.K. , Nanda B. P. and Rath J. , Micro finance and arcadian Development in India (Ed. ), saucy cytosine Publications, unsanded Delhi, India. 2008 Karmakar K. G. , Micro Finance in India(Ed). quick-scented earthly concernations, forward-looking Delhi, 2008 Debadutta Kumar panda bear , Self Help through Microfinance A picture strip in Orissa, India Ghosh Rajshree, Womens indicators of empowerment through microfinance Sharma K. C, Microfinance through Self-Help Groups-Status and acclivitous Challenges http//www. birdindia. org. in/admin/Literacy/413. doc. Thakur S. G. and Tiwari A. , Whether SHG-based Micro-credit Programmes can pull out destitution?A case study of SHG-based programmes in Patan regularize of Gujarat. http//www. wiego. org/ahmedabad/ document/Tiwari_Can_SHGs_remove_poverty. doc. http//www. edarural. com/impact/execsums. pdf. http//www. trcollege. net/articles/40-empowerment http//www. gdrc. org/icm/conceptpaper-india. hypertext mark-up language http//www. ivcs. org. uk/ijrs/April2008/Self%20Help%20through%20Microfinance%20in%20Orissa%20India. pdf. http//www. unescap. org/drpad/publication/ air%202002/ch6. pdf. http//unpan1. un. org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/APCITY/UNPAN024232. pdf. http//74. 125. 153. 132/ attempt? q= roll upgzRW9N7hv7YJwww. yesweb. org/2006/Publica